Lake herring may not mean much to you, but don’t be fooled. Some Michigan fisheries biologists say the species could go a long way toward righting what’s wrong with Lake Huron. Unfortunately, budget woes and a glacial bureaucracy are conspiring against innovation in this case.
Let’s review:
Earlier this decade, invading quagga mussels colonized the deeper parts of Lake Huron and filtered out the microscopic plant and animal matter in the middle of the lake. That starved out the little shrimp-like crustaceans who ate those small particles. When the crustaceans died off, that left smaller fish like alewives – another invasive that became a vital part of the lake’s ecology – with nothing to eat. At the same time, millions of stocked chinook salmon began spontaneously reproducing in undammed Canadian rivers that dump into Lake Huron. After several record years of salmon fishing in Lake Huron, the hungry hordes of salmon decimated the already-struggling alewives, thus eating themselves out of house and home.
Today the alewives are gone and so, for the most part, are the salmon. Michigan still stocks 1.5 million chinooks every year, but the data show that most of the salmon are dumped in the lake only to be eaten by the remaining predators. Walleyes and lake trout appear to be recovering — it turned out having alewives around was bad for them — but they’re eating desirable things like baby lake trout, yellow perch and yes, chinook salmon smolts.
Which brings us to lake herring, a native species that once roamed Lake Huron in huge numbers, feeding predators and filling the niche — pelagic planktivore by name — that alewives took over and then left empty. For reasons no one really knows, lake herring vanished from much of Lake Huron. The remaining herring could re-colonize Lake Huron, but the problem is they’re homers. They spawn where they were born, which means they aren’t really programmed to strike out for new territory.
So some smart scientists got the idea that if you could stock lake herring in their former haunts, you could refill that pelagic planktivore niche with a native fish that is more adaptive to Lake Huron’s whims, giving all those predators out there a more stable food source. As a bonus, lake herring are really fun to catch and equally good to eat.
So they carved out a little hatchery space, fought the gales of November to score a few thousand lake herring eggs, and started rearing them. After a few tries, they figured out the system, and in the last couple years a small but robust number of lake herring have been put back into Lake Huron.
In other words, it worked. One biologist said the next baby step would be to stock a half-million lake herring into Saginaw Bay and another quarter-million in Thunder Bay near Alpena, then sit back and see how they do. But now it looks like that’s on hold, and for the foreseeable future rearing efforts will stay at today’s level, about 30,000 a year, while more information is gathered.
Kurt Newman, Michigan’s Lake Huron Basin Coordinator, said the state’s management team supports lake herring restoration, but the hatcheries are at capacity, there’s little money and no one is sure whether expanding the three-year-old lake herring pilot program will even work.
Newman said that since salmon stocking was cut in 2006, that first reduced year-class is just making its way upstream to spawn for the first time. So despite evidence that chinook salmon are little more than fish food at this point, they’ll give the status quo another couple years and conduct a study that should be ready by 2013.
And the lake herring program that seemed to make sense for so many reasons will wait.
Knowledge is good, there’s no doubt about that. The problem with the wait-and-see approach here is the way Lake Huron became something else virtually overnight. It’s still changing. And by the time 2013 rolls around, there’s no way to know what the lake will have become or whether information gathered today will mean anything by then.